View source for Kót wàwa/Cheatsheet for tokiponists

=kót wàwa for tokiponists=
''(a draft cheatsheet)''
''dàn ján Dèsutu, bèke https://jansa-tp.github.io/tpcheatsheet/Toki%20Pona%20Cheat%20Sheet%20v2.pdf ''

==Alphabet==
Like toki pona, kot wawa uses IPA, except it uses more letters. The first syllable of each word has a tone - ''à'' low, ''a'' mid or ''á'' high. A vowel at the end of a word is said long. Syllable stress doesn't matter.

==Basic sentences==
A sentence can be a subject
<blockquote>''soweli'' - (I'm talking about) A cat.</blockquote>
or a verb
<blockquote>''moku'' - Something is eating.</blockquote>
or you can combine them
<blockquote>''soweli li moku''. - A cat is eating.</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''mí'' and ''sína'' are used with ''li''
''sína li bòn'' - You're good.
</blockquote>

==Ambiguity==
kot wawa's words are defined broadly like toki pona's, though it does make a couple of extra distinctions:
# noun vs. verb vs. particle is marked by tone and voicing.
<blockquote>
''mí li lùki-tás''  - I'm looking at the only one
''mí li lùki dàs''  - I'm just looking.
''mí li lùki tas''  - All I have to say is I'm looking.
</blockquote>

# and words spelt backwards reverse the direction of the action.
<blockquote>
''mí li ìkul''  - I'm being looked at.
</blockquote>

==Direct objects==
A direct object can be applied ''immediately''
<blockquote>
''sówel li mòk-télo''  - The animal drinks the water.
</blockquote>
or be ''introduced'' via ''e''
<blockquote>
''sówel li mòk e télo''  - The animal drinks the water.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''mí li dèlo-sówel'' - I wash the cat.
''sína li lùs-nɒ́'' - You make it big.
</blockquote>

==Modifying words==
kot wawa lets you modify a word with a verb or a noun.
<blockquote>
''ján lìli'' - small human, child
''tóm mí'' - house of me, my home
</blockquote>

Noun modifiers are actually immediate objects.
<blockquote>
''lúki-mí'' - one who is looking at me.
</blockquote>

Verbs modify the first word. Nouns modify the word just before them.
<blockquote>
''líp gàs ə̀n'' - two plant documents
''póki-lás bìmei'' - a black box with something blue inside
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''pi'' can group either kind of modifier
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''líp-pi kás ə̀n'' - a document about two plants
''póki pi làs bìmei'' - a dark blue box
</blockquote>

==Prepositions==
Prepositions are verbal modifiers with immediate objects.

<blockquote>
''mí li mòk bèke-ílo'' - I eat with cutlery.
''sówel li lòn-tóm'' - The animal is in the house.
''nɒ́ li -ní dàu-sína.
</blockquote>

==Conjunctions==
"and" works like in toki pona.
<blockquote>
''mí en sína li mùs mùt'' - You and I are playing often.
''sówel nì li lìli li zùwi'' - This animal is small and cute.
''nɒ́ li jò e wás e kál'' - She has a bird and a fish.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''mí li bàl-tóm bèke-pális bèke-kíwe'' - I built the house using sticks and stones.
</blockquote>

"or" is ''unu'' and applies to another word at the same phrase level.

<blockquote>
''ní li bòn unu ike?'' - Is this good or bad?
''ésu li wàt e mí unu sína.'' - The shop is arrived at by me or you.
</blockquote>

==Loanwords==
kót wàwa just requires that you specify what type a loanword is when you bring it into the conversation. It can be used directly after that.

<blockquote>
''má nì li ə̀meɻika. ə́meɻika li zùl.'' - This land is America. America is big.
</blockquote>

You have to match it to kot wawa's phonology, which is a bit less strict than toki pona's. You also have to inflect it as noun or verb.

<blockquote>
ján Zòɲa - Sonja
kót Dɔ̀c - (Deutsch) language, German
</blockquote>

==''o'' and ''os''==
<blockquote>
''o'' is call someone.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''jan Pape o!'' - O Pape!
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''os'' is tell them they should do something.
''os gùt!'' - Listen!
''os bàl'' - You should work.
</blockquote>

It can also be used on subjects.

<blockquote>
''mí os bàl'' - I should be working.
</blockquote>

and the two can be combined.
<blockquote>
''sówel Dɒ̀m o, os mòk.'' - Hey, Tom! Eat.
</blockquote>

==Interjections==
toki pona has interjections. In kót wàwa, they are well-formed sentences.

<blockquote>
''bòn!'' - It's good! / Great! / Thanks!
''wàwa a!'' - It's so powerful!
''lòn!'' - It's here! / That's true.
''mòk bòn!'' - The eating is good. / Bon apetit!
</blockquote>

==Preverbs==
kot wawa has two preverbs: ''àn'' and ''ʉ̀𰀔''

''àn'' means to be the act of doing something.

<blockquote>
''mák-mí li àn zòn'' - Something I come to is knowledge.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''ʉ̀ŋ'' means to not be the act of doing something.
''mák-mí li ʉ̀ŋ zòn'' - Something I come to isn't knowledge.
</blockquote>

In it's noun form, ''àn'' it can be used to make other verbs behave as preverbs.

<blockquote>
''án zòn'' - knowledge
''mí li gàm-án zòn'' - I come to knowledge, I learn
''wás lìli li wìl-án zùl'' - The small bird wants to be big.
</blockquote>

==Negation==
There are two ways to negate a word:
1. invert its sounds
<blockquote>
''mí li ɰʉ̀cɔ'' - I'm not sleeping.
''ján àle li gɛ̀t'' - No-one is talking.
</blockquote>

2. use the word ''ɰɔ̀'' (doesn't).
<blockquote>
''mí li ɰɔ̀-án làpe'' - I'm not sleeping.
''ɰɔ́-án jàn li dòk'' - Something other than a person is talking.
</blockquote>

==Questions==
Closed yes/no questions follow the X-not-X pattern but with a twist. You use the word you're questioning and then its negated form.

<blockquote>
''sína li mòk ɲæt?'' - Are you eating?
</blockquote>

The tone on the second word is mid, to help it sound like a question.

Possible answers are
<blockquote>
''mòk'' - yes
''ɲæ̀t'' - no.
</blockquote>

Or you can prefix it with ''lì ɰɒ-án''
<blockquote>
''sína li lì ɰɒ-án mòk?'' - Are you eating?
''lì'' - yes
''mòk'' - yes
''ɰɒ̀'' - no
''ɰɒ̀-án mòk'' - no
</blockquote>

Open-ended questions use "unu sem".

<blockquote>
''sína li mòk unu sem?'' - Are you eating?
''kál unu sem li lòn-póki?'' - Are there fish in the box?
</blockquote>

zèm/sém can make non-polar questions.
<blockquote>
''ján zèm li dòk?'' - Who's talking?
''sína li bàl-sém?'' - What are you making?
</blockquote>

==Context==
''la'' works like in toki pona.
The context can be either a noun or a sentence.

<blockquote>
''ílip-mí la ní li bòn'' - I feel this is good.
''sína li lòn-pɔ́k-mí la mí li bìli bòn'' - I feel good when you're by my side.
</blockquote>

Content words can be used with the mid tone to specify the nature of the relation.

<blockquote>
''tém nì nol mí li làpe'' - I'm sleeping now.
</blockquote>

==Numbers==
Combining numbers results in multiplication. ''pi'' can be used to avoid confusion with toki pona.

Number names are based on Peg System by Harry Lorayne.

<blockquote>
''ə̀t'' - one
''ə̀n'' - two
''àkul'' - a handful
''mùt'' - lots
''àle'' - all of them
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''ə̀n ə̀n'' - two twice, four
''ə̀n ə̀n ə̀n'' - eight
''ə̀n pi ə̀n ə̀n'' - eight
</blockquote>

Addition can be done via ''nìk-án''.

<blockquote>
''kíl li ə̀n nìk-án ə̀t'' - There are 3 fruits.
''mí li jò e kál pi ə̀n pi ə̀n nìk-án ə̀t.'' - I have 6 fish.
</blockquote>

Some extra number names have been defined for the soft:
<blockquote>
''ə̀m'' - three
''ùl'' - five
''ɛ̀k'' - seven
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''ɛ̀k ɛ̀k nìk-án ə̀t'' - fifty
</blockquote>

kot wawa doesn't have the word ''nanpa''.
It introduces a new word ''tó'' to mean the amount of something.

<blockquote>
''tó-án dùm nì li bòn-mí.'' - I like this number.
''tó-kóm li nàsa.'' - This is a crazy amount of food.
</blockquote>

Ordinals have to be constructed creatively.

<blockquote>
''ján lòn-án òpe li bòn.'' - The first person is good.  (the person at the start)
''nɒ́ li nàsi ip mìn-án ùl ə̀n ə̀n nìk-án ə̀n nìk-án ə̀t'' - That is 23rd Street.  (the street named 23)
</blockquote>